A Word a Year: 1906-2006
Choosing a word or phrase that sums up a particular year is a complicated task: some would say impossible.
What seems crucial to some will have passed others by, while the choice of a word which was prominent in an area of popular culture may seem flippant to those seeking something more momentous.
As a short-hand summary of a period in time, however, a word which came to prominence is hard to beat. It scarcely matters if that word proved ephemeral, or if it arose out of an activity of little political or sociological importance: the very fact that it became high-profile can shed as much light on the preoccupations of its time as any photograph or historical summary. Be it the garden town of 1915 or Big Brother in 1949 (of the literary rather than the TV kind, although one could make a strong argument for its inclusion as a word of the 2000s), the following choices of a single word for each year in the last century are surprising and revealing.
If the journey from permanent wave (1909) to liposuction (1983), and Charleston (1923) to Britpop (1986), seems a long one, the move from power politics (1933) to off-message (1992), and from superstar (1925) to bling (2000), seems the shortest of steps. Today's pizzas, ganglands, and fat cats, meanwhile, made their linguistic mark long ago.
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1906 muckraking 1907 cat burglar 1908 Rolls Royce 1909 permanent wave 1910 double jeopardy 1911 phone number 1912 vitamin 1913 migrant labour 1914 war zone 1915 garden town 1916 blood group 1917 camouflage 1918 multinational 1919 peace rally 1920 T-shirt 1921 potato crisps 1922 class divisions 1923 Charleston 1924 gangland 1925 superstar 1926 fridge: 'refrigerator' dates from 1824. 1927 non-stick 1928 fat cats: first used to describe political backers. 1929 fuzz: as slang for a policeman or detective. The origin, alas, is uncertain. 1930 genome 1931 gossip-writer 1932 seat belt 1933 power politics 1934 Gestapo 1935 pizza 1936 male chauvinism 1937 hobbit: the term, coined by J. R. R. Tolkien to describe the imaginary tiny people of his stories, means 'hole-dweller'. 1938 tween-age 1939 atom-splitting 1940 Mae West 1941 hi-de-hi: an exclamation, used chiefly by army instructors to greet, or attract the attention of, their troops. It later became associated with greeters at holidaycamps thanks to a British sitcom of the same name. 1942 news conference 1943 passion killers: unattractive underwear which was standard issue in wartime. The modern equivalent mightbe the 'big knickers' much discussed in Helen Fielding's Bridget Jones's Diary. 1944 DNA: the American Oswald Avery proved that DNA carries genetic information and laid the path for the later description of 'deoxyribonucleic acid' by James Watsonand Francis Crick. 1945 bebop: a development of jazz, begun in the US at the end of the Second World War, and characterized by complex harmony, dissonant chords, and a highly syncopated rhythm. 1946 garden gnome 1947 bikini: originally the name of an atoll in the Marshall Islands where an atomic bomb test was carried out in July 1946. The beach garment was so called because of itsperceived 'explosive' effect. 1948 TV 1949 Big Brother: the name of the head of state in George Orwell's novel 1984. 1950 big bang: a great or loud explosion; specifically, the explosion of a single compact mass in which, according to one cosmological theory, the universe originated. The term was coined by Sir Fred Hoyle who challenged the belief. 1951 Scrabble 1952 Generation X: a generation of young people about whose future there is uncertainty; a lost generation. The term was later popularized by Douglas Coupland's 1991 novel of the same name. 1953 teleconference 1954 Palookaville: an imaginary town characterized by mediocrity, stupidity, or failure. The term 'palooka' denoted (as it does today) a stupid, clumsy, or uncouth person, and was popularized by the US comic-strip character Joe Palooka, a well-meaning but clumsy prizefighter. 1955 Rastafarian 1956 1984 |
1957 Mr Nice Guy: the OED's first example is a description ofthe singer Perry Como. Later, the phrase 'No more Mr Nice Guy' became more popular. 1958 film noir 1959 hair spray 1960 pirate radio 1961 downshifting 1962 drinks party 1963 Dalek: a type of cyborg which appeared in Doctor Who, the science-fiction TV series. 1964 vox pop 1965 garden centre 1966 tower block 1967 football hooligan 1968 reggae 1969 microchip 1970 Big Mac 1971 breakfast television 1972 Watergate 1973 F-word 1974 shuttle diplomacy: diplomatic activity by a mediator travelling between disputing parties. The term was particularly associated with Henry Kissinger's efforts in the Middle East. In 2003 Tony Blair talked of his own 'mobile phone diplomacy' in the build-up to war in Iraq. 1975 Page Three girl 1976 PIN number 1977 bottle bank 1978 satellite dish 1979 karaoke 1980 nip and tuck: minor cosmetic surgery, performed especially for tightening the skin. 1981 Stepford: the name of the fictional American suburb in Ira Levin's 1972 novel The Stepford Wives, in which the men have replaced their wives with robots. 1981 marks the point at which 'Stepford' began to mean lacking in individuality, emotion, or thought. 1982 Kissogram 1983 liposuction 1984 shopaholic 1985 full monty 1986 Britpop 1987 to email 1988 roller blading 1989 doughnutting: the clustering of politicians round aspeaker during a televised parliamentary debate,especially in order to give the impression that the speaker is well supported or to conceal low attendance. 1990 twocker: a car thief, especially one who steals for the purpose of joyriding. 'Twoc' is an acronym for 'taken without owner's consent'. 1991 ethnic cleansing 1992 off-message 1993 DVD 1994 metrosexual 1995 chuddies: underpants. The word, from Hindi, was popularized by the TV comedy series Goodness Gracious Me and its catchphrase insult 'kiss my chuddies'. 1996 Viagra 1997 WAP: abbreviation for 'wireless application protocol', a specification which supports the transfer of data (especially for Internet access, including text and images) to and from a hand-held wireless device such as a mobile phone. 1998 to Google 1999 blogger 2000 bling 2001 9/11 2002 metatarsal: any of five bones in the foot between the ankles and the toes. The term came into general use when the England football captain David Beckham broke one in his left foot just before the World Cup in Japan. In 2006 it was Wayne Rooney's metatarsal fracture which dominated the headlines. 2003 to sex something up 2004 chav 2005 biosecurity 2006 bovvered |